Standing at baggage claim watching the same bags go around for the fourth time is a horrible feeling. Everyone else grabbed their stuff and left twenty minutes ago. Yours is just not there. It happens way more than airlines like to talk about and most people have no clue what to actually do next. Walking out without handling it first is the worst move possible.
Stay Put

Do not leave the airport. Everything that matters has to get sorted before stepping outside. People who leave first and call later end up fighting a much harder battle to get anything resolved.
Find the Baggage Desk

Usually sitting right near the carousel area. Walk up and tell them what happened. These people deal with this all day long and they know the process better than anyone else in the building.
Fill Out the Lost Baggage Form

There is an official form that kicks the whole thing off. No form means no claim and no urgency on their end. Fill it out completely, get a physical copy and hold onto it like it matters because it does.
Write Down the Case Number

They hand over a reference number when the report gets filed. That number is needed for literally every conversation going forward. Put it somewhere that is not just a phone screen that could disappear.
Be Specific About the Bag

Vague descriptions slow everything down. Color, exact size, brand name, broken zipper, weird keychain, bright luggage tag — anything that makes it stand out from a hundred other black suitcases sitting in a warehouse somewhere.
Ask Where They Will Send It

Most airlines drop the bag off at wherever the passenger is staying once it turns up. Confirm that at the desk right then and double check the address is correct before walking away from that conversation.
Ask What They Will Cover

Toothbrush, change of clothes, basic essentials — airlines owe compensation for these things when a bag gets delayed. Most staff will not bring it up first so ask directly and get whatever the answer is in writing.
Photograph Everything

The form, the case number, any receipts from emergency purchases afterward. Having actual evidence of everything removes a lot of potential headaches when following up later on.
Set Up Bag Tracking

Most airlines have tracking through their app now. Getting that set up before leaving the airport beats calling a hotline and sitting on hold for forty minutes just to find out nothing has changed.
Call the Travel Insurance Company

If a policy was taken out before the trip this is the moment to loop them in. A lot of policies have short windows for reporting delays and missing items so waiting a few days can quietly kill part of the claim.
Check In Every Day

Lost bags do not always move fast unless someone keeps following up. A daily call or message through the tracking system keeps things moving and makes it clear the bag is still expected to show up.
